Neuromodulation in Psychiatry.

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Title Page; Copyright Page; Contents; Contributors; CHAPTER 1 History of invasive brain stimulation in psychiatry: Lessons for the current practice of neuromodulation; The birth, rise and fall of the 20th-century psychiatric DBS; What went wrong?; The contemporary discourse on psychiatric neuromodulation; Twenty-first century DBS: a tool for enhancement and social control?; Lessons learned for current practice; Conclusions; Acknowledgements; Disclosures; References; CHAPTER 2 Ethics of neuromodulation in psychiatry; Introduction; A brief history; History with a difference.

Autonomy and the self; Informed consent; Proportionality: weighing individual benefits and harms; Distinguishing research from therapy; Neuromodulation research and the marketplace; A palliative care ethos; Conclusion; References; CHAPTER 3 Neurocircuits commonly involved in psychiatric disorders and their stimulation and lesion therapies; Introduction; Circuits of OCD, depression, schizophrenia and addiction; The prefrontal cortex; Striatum; WM pathways; Anterior limb of the internal capsule; Cingulum bundle; Uncinate fasciculus; Corpus callosum.

Stimulation and lesion therapeutic approaches for psychiatric illnesses; Deep brain stimulation; Lesions: Capsulotomy and cingulotomy; TMS and tDCS in the dlPFC; Conclusions; References; CHAPTER 4 Magnetic resonance imaging in neuromodulation; Introduction; What can MRI offer the field of psychiatry?; MRI measures of grey matter; MRI measures of white matter and structural connectivity (DTI); MRI measures of functional activity and functional connectivity; Functional activation within a brain region; Functional connectivity between brain regions; Dynamic functional connectivity.

Regional cerebral blood flow measured with arterial spin labelling; Detecting functional and structural MRI abnormalities; Analysing network-level patterns in resting brain activity; Neuromodulation in the MRI environment; Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation; Transcranial direct current stimulation; Deep brain stimulation; Uses of MRI in neuromodulation; Identification of stimulation targets using structural and functional MRI; Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation; Transcranial direct current stimulation; Deep brain stimulation; Neuronavigation using MRI.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation; Transcranial direct current stimulation; Deep brain stimulation; Characterizing the effects of neuromodulation using MRI; Transcranial direct current stimulation; Transcranial magnetic stimulation; DBS; Optimizing individual treatment parameters using MRI; Neuromodulatory effects of MRI itself; Conclusions; Acknowledgements; References; CHAPTER 5 Nuclear medicine in neuromodulation; Introduction; Basic principles of PET; Gamma ray detection; What can PET measure?; Radiopharmaceuticals; Clinical research applications; Pathophysiology of psychiatric illness.

Major depressive disorder.

This is the first comprehensive and detailed reference work that focuses on neuromodulation strategies in psychiatry. Neuromodulation strategies are no longer confined to tertiary hospitals but are used in community practices and even by individual psychiatrists. Surgery for psychiatric disorders is one of the main advances in the field of functional neurosurgery.

Neuromodulation in Psychiatry includes chapters on the history of this controversial field and the ethics of modern usage of such techniques. Specific chapters are devoted to neuromodulation and surgical strategies used in psychiatry including transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial direct current stimulation, vagus nerve stimulation, direct cortical stimulation and deep brain stimulation. A chapter describes the basic principles of each technique, using figures and schematics to illustrate details for people who do not have personal experience of using these techniques. Another chapter then focuses on the results of clinical research, trials and applications for that strategy.

Encompasses basic principles, technical aspects and clinical applications including ethical considerations.

Clearly explains each technique with implications for clinical practice.

Presents evidence in a comprehensive summary suitable for all levels.

Allows psychiatrists to evaluate results obtained using such strategies and to make decisions regarding the best course of treatment for their patients.

An essential reference guide for psychiatrists, psychologists, neurosurgeons, neurologists and their respective trainees, Neuromodulation in Psychiatry covers all neuromodulation strategies now used or with potential use in psychiatry. It allows readers to evaluate the results obtained using such strategies, and to make informed decisions regarding the best course of treatment for their patients. --Book Jacket.